Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a type of acquired brain injury that happens when the brain is damaged suddenly by something like a blow to the head or an object penetrating the brain. TBI can have a wide range of short- and long-term consequences, depending on the severity of the injury and the part of the brain that is affected.
One of the most common causes of TBI is falls, which account for about 28% of TBI-related emergency department visits in the United States. Other common causes of TBI include motor vehicle accidents, being struck by or against an object, and assaults. In some cases, TBI can also be caused by brain tumors or other medical conditions.
TBI can have a wide range of consequences depending on the severity of the injury. Mild TBI, also called a concussion, can cause headaches, dizziness, and confusion. These symptoms usually go away after a few days or weeks. TBIs that are moderate to severe can cause more serious and long-lasting symptoms, such as being unconscious, having trouble speaking or thinking, or being paralyzed.
Long-term effects of TBI can include problems with memory, focusing, and making decisions, as well as problems with concentration and attention. TBI can also cause physical problems such as weakness or paralysis, changes in sensory function, and problems with balance and coordination. In some cases, TBI can also lead to psychological and emotional issues such as depression, anxiety, and changes in personality.
Treatment for TBI usually depends on how bad the injury is and may include medicines to control symptoms, therapy to help the person regain function, and support from caregivers. In some cases, surgery may be needed to get rid of foreign objects or fix brain tissue that has been damaged.
It is important for people with TBI and their families to know what effects the injury could have and to get medical help and support when they need it. With the right care and help, many people who have TBI can make a full recovery and get back to their daily lives. But TBI can have big effects in the long run, so it’s important for people with TBI to get support and care as long as they need it.
